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Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (commonly known as IIT Roorkee or IITR), formerly the University of Roorkee (19482001) and the Thomason College of Civil Engineering (18531948), is a public university located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. Established in 1847 in British India by the then lieutenant governor, Sir James Thomason, it was given university status in 1949 and was converted into an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in 2001, thus becoming the seventh IIT to be declared. IIT Roorkee has 18 academic departments covering Engineering, Applied Sciences, Humanities & Social Sciences and Management programs with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research. IIT Roorkee has a strong entrepreneurial culture, with many alumni who have moved on to found technological and social ventures in India and abroad, and have played an important role in the development of India. Ten alumni have won the Padma Bhushan awards, two have won the Padma Vibhushan awards and twenty five alumni have won the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology award. The institute has produced seven chairmen of the Indian Railway Board, chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, more than a hundred secretary-level officers in the Government of India, two presidents of the Confederation of Indian Industry, Governors of states of India, Members of Parliament, chairmen of University Grants Commission (India), six Directors of the Indian Institutes of Technology, Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of prominent Indian Universities, and presidents of Engineering and Scientific organizations like the Indian Institution of Engineers, the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian National Academy of Engineering. ==History== The institution has its origins in a class started in 1845 to train local youth in engineering to assist in public works then beginning.〔(Roorkee Town2 ) ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 325.〕 In 1847 it was officially established.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://gov.ua.nic.in/uatechedu/setup_iit_roorkee.html )〕 It was renamed as the Thomason College of Civil Engineering in 1854 in honour of its founder, Sir James Thomason, lieutenant governor 1843–53.〔 The first Indian to graduate from the Roorkee college was Rai Bahadur Kanhaiya Lal in 1852. Initially, the college had engineers' class only for Europeans, upper subordinate class for Europeans and Indians and lower subordinate class for Indians only. Such was the reputation of the college, that the recruitment of the Engineering students was directly controlled by the Public Works Departments (PWD). Every student was guaranteed a post in the PWD/irrigation departments. Alumni of University of Roorkee played important roles in all the areas of engineering primarily civil, including maintenance of the Ganges canal, construction of dam and irrigation projects like Bhakra Nangal, the Rajasthan canal, the Aswan dam on the Nile in Egypt, and construction of Chandigarh. Between 1934 to 1943, officers of the Indian Army Corps of Engineers received training at the Thomason College of Engineering and, even after the establishment of the School of Military Engineering (SME) at Roorkee in 1943, they continued to receive technical training at Thomason. In 1948 when SME was moved to Dapodi, Pune.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980915/25851594.html )〕 It was given the status of University by Act No. IX of 1948 of the United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and was titled University of Roorkee. Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, presented the Charter in November 1949, elevating the erstwhile college to the first engineering university of independent India. Soil scientist Jagdish Narain was the first student to be admitted into the university under this act. University of Roorkee (IITR) along with Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur (IIEST) had contributed significantly for the development of IIT system in the country. On 21 September 2001, an ordinance issued by the Government of India declared it as the nation's seventh Indian Institute of Technology, renaming it to the current name, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The ordinance was converted into an act by the Parliament to make IIT Roorkee an "Institution of National Importance".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About the Institute, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee )〕 The Department of Civil Engineering was established in 1847 and is the oldest engineering department in India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department of Civil Engineering )〕 The Electrical Engineering department of the Thomson College was established in the year 1897, and was one of the earliest such specializations in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department of Electrical Engineering )〕 The Architecture department is first in India in instituting a master's degree course in Architecture (M. Arch.) in the year 196970.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department of Architecture and Planning )〕 In 1978 Institute of Paper Technology, Saharanpur was merged with the then University of Roorkee. The Institute of Paper Technology was established as School of Paper Technology by the Government of India in 1964, with an aid from the Royal Swedish Government. The school was renamed as the Institute of Paper Technology in July 1968 and subsequently Department of Paper Technology in July 1992. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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